内容摘要:《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(以下简称“公约”)中对宣告合同无效制度作了较为详尽的规定, 但因其用语比较灵活,并且需要结合其他条款如根本违约宽限期程序等才能做出公平的解释,以平衡买卖双方之间的权利义务关系,实质上体现了鼓励当事人依诚实信用原则解决纠纷的指导思想。
关键词: 公约 根本违约 宣告合同无效
Analysis on the Declaration of the Contract Avoidance of CISG
Abstract:The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ( hereinafter called CISG ) stipulates the provision called "declaration of the contract avoidance". However, some terms in it are very flexible and elastic, and fair interpretation can only be made in connection with other provisions such as "fundamental breach of contract"and "grace period"so as to balance rights and obligations between parties. In essence,the purpose of this system is to encourage the parties to ssttle their disputes pursuant to the principle of "bona&nb sp;fide".
Key words: CISG Fundamental Breach of Contract Declare the Contract Avoided
一、 宣告合同无效制度概述
“宣告合同无效”(Declare the contract avoided)是公约的独特用语,其效果大体
等同于我们所熟悉的解除合同。公约用列举的形式表明了“宣告合同无效”的几种情形及浜蠊浠灸谌菔牵?BR> (1)“宣告合同无效”必须以向另一方当事人发出通知才生效。(第26条)
(2)“宣告合同无效”是买方或卖方可单方行使的权利。(第49、64条)
(3)“宣告合同无效”仅限于合同一方根本违约或违约方在宽限期内仍未履行合同义务或声明将不在宽限期内履行合同义务。(第49、64条)
(4)“宣告合同无效”解除了各方的合同义务(第81条)。
二、 运用宣告合同无效制度时的若干难点
(一)如何判断违约行为是否构成了“根本违约”。
公约第25条对“根本违约”下的定义是:“一方当事人违反合同的结果,如使另一方当事人蒙受损害,以至于实际剥夺了他根据合同有权期待得到
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